耐高溫質子交換膜、膜電極組、燃料電池、及發電裝置

專利類型

發明

專利國別 (專利申請國家)

中華民國

專利申請案號

109120224

專利證號

I 740542

專利獲證名稱

耐高溫質子交換膜、膜電極組、燃料電池、及發電裝置

專利所屬機關 (申請機關)

元智大學

獲證日期

2021/09/21

技術說明

目前應用於質子交換膜燃料電池技術較成熟的質子交換膜大概可分成兩系列: (1)操作溫度介於室溫與90oC之間的全氟磺酸樹脂(perfluorosulfonic acid; PFSA)，例如DuPont公司的Nafion (2)操作溫度介於120oC與190oC之間的聚苯並咪唑(polybenzimidazole; PBI)。一般產氫重組器(例如甲醇重組器)操作溫度大多高於220oC以上，提高燃料電池的操作溫度或降低產氫重組器的溫度，使兩者之操作溫度接近，可簡化產氫重組器與燃料電池的系統結合。本發明提供一新穎耐高溫烷基磷酸接枝矽氧聚合物(alkyl phosphoric acid grafted polysilane)與耐高溫有機聚合物之摻合高分子薄膜，其製作的膜電極組(membrane electrode assembly; MEA)，單電池操作溫度可高達210oC，在電壓0.6 V之電流密度約i=1080 mA/cm2，最高功率密度 (power density) 約 390 mW/cm2 (at i=1080 mA/cm2) (H2/air、 0%RH、無背壓)。在210oC，電流密度i= 200 mA/cm2，經32小時連續操作，電池數據穩定。由於操作溫度210 oC接近產氫重組器操作溫度，與產氫重組器結合，燃料電池運轉產生的熱可直接供給產氫重組器使用。整合之重組器/燃料電池系統設計，可減少加熱與散熱裝置之複雜性。因矽氧聚合物機械性質較低，我們在矽氧聚合物中摻和少量耐高溫有機聚合物(例：聚苯並咪唑、聚醯氨(polyimide PI)、聚醚砜、聚醚醚砜、 novolak環氧樹脂等)提高質子交換膜機械強度與韌性(toughness)。 The current two major series of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) used in fuel cells (i.e., proton exchange membrane fuel cells; PEMFCs) applications are: (1) perfluorosulfonic acid resin (i.e., Nafion, a product of Du Pont), suitable for working at 20-90oC and (2) polybenzimidazole (PBI), suitable for working at 120-190oC. However, the working temperature of most hydrogen reformers (i.e., methanol reformer) is higher than 220oC. The balance of these two system work temperatures, either by increasing the PEMFC working temperature or by reducing the reformer working temperature, can greatly simplify the integration of these two systems. With a similar working temperature, the heat generated by a fuel cell can be used directly by the reformer without an extra heater and the hydrogen fuel generated by reformer can also be used directly by a fuel cell without a cooler. In the present invention, we provide a new novel high temperature PEM (i.e., alkyl phosphoric acid grafted polysilane blended with a high temperature polymer, such as PBI, polyimide, poly(ether ether ketone), novolac epoxide resin etc.). The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) prepared from the present novel PEM can work as high as 210oC with a current density of i=1080 mA/cm2 (at 0.6 V) and a maximum power density of ~390 mW/cm2 (at i=1080 mA/cm2) while H2/air fuel with 0%RH was provided without a back pressure. While working at 210oC and a constant i= 200 mA/cm2, with a 0%RH H2/air fuel without back pressure, the MEA demonstrated an excellent stability after 32 hr continuous operation.

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