NEBULIZER

專利類型

發明

專利國別 (專利申請國家)

美國

專利申請案號

16/165,124

專利證號

US 11,324,899 B2

專利獲證名稱

NEBULIZER

專利所屬機關 (申請機關)

國立臺灣大學

獲證日期

2022/05/10

技術說明

機車尾氣排放之PM2.5濃度依據車輛品牌與型號可能高達730 g/m3，當待速等待紅綠燈時，騎士暴露之PM2.5濃度可達到460 g/m3，機車騎士為高PM2.5濃度暴露族群。本研究目的為設計一款潔淨舒涼安全帽，能夠有效降低機車騎士暴露於PM2.5等懸浮微粒，並且增加騎士穿戴安全帽之舒適度。 本研究使用市售的安全帽進行改良，提供過濾後的空氣給機車騎士，如同工業上所使用的動力濾淨式呼吸防護具。實驗中設計三種不同的供氣位置(A:頭頂後方, B:面罩側方, C: 下巴處側方)，實驗參數包含供氣流率(Qs)、外界風速(Ve)，為達成防阻外界微粒進入安全帽呼吸區，全面式安全帽下緣處以延長的擋風布圍住，並延伸遮擋頸部至胸口。以微粒凝結核計數器量測全面式安全帽內(Cin)、外(Cout)的微粒數目濃度，並且計算不同狀態下的保護係數(PF= Cout/ Cin)。 本研究實驗結果顯示，潔淨安全帽的保護係數會隨著供氣流率的增加而增加，且於安全帽下緣處使用擋風布，可有效增加微粒去除效率。在呼吸流率為7.5 L/min時，供氣流量從0增加到60 L/min，由位置A供氣進安全帽內部之保護係數會從1增加到752，且可讓供氣後溫度下降約3℃，因此以供氣位置A(頭頂後方)有綜合性最佳效果。以軟殼材料作為擋風布，並於外界風速10 m/s且供氣流率小於20 L/min時，微粒去除率仍可達到98 %，若使用潔淨舒涼安全帽供氣60 L/min，濃度可降至1000 ppm以下，微粒去除率可達99 %。 潔淨舒涼安全帽確實能夠有效降低騎士暴露於微粒之濃度，並且可以增加穿戴時之舒適性，以及增加機車騎士使用全面式安全帽的意願，達到衛生、舒適、安全等三方面的效果。 According to a recent Taiwan EPA report, PM2.5 concentration emitted from motorcycle tailpipes could exceed 730 μg/m3. When idling at traffic lights, motorcyclists could be exposed to PM2.5 of up to 460 μg/m3. Motorcyclists are exposed to significantly higher PM2.5 than others. The aim of this study was to design a full faced helmet (FFH) that provides clean air and cool temperature inside the helmet to decrease particle exposure and increase comfort for motorcyclists. A commercial FFH was modified to receive cool and clean air in a way similar to the powered-air-purified-respirator commonly used in industrial settings. Three different clean air supply locations (A: upper rear of the head, B: zygomatic side, and C: lower chin) were designed in this study. A fan was used to simulate the turbulence that motorcyclists might encounter while riding on the road. The operating parameters included: the supply air flow rate to the helmet (Qs), the velocity in the wind tunnel (U0). To minimize infiltration of aerosol outside the helmet into the breathing zone, the FFH was sealed with a long neckerchief. A condensation particle counter was used to measure particle number concentrations both inside (Cin) and outside (Cout) the FFH to calculate the protection factor (PF= Cout / Cin). The results showed that the PF of the FFH increased with increasing Qs. And the use of a long neckerchief at the lower edge of the helmet, can effectively increase the efficiency of particle removal rate. At breathing flow rate of 7.5 L/min, PF increased from 1 to 752 as Qs increased from 0 to 60 L/min with air supply at location A. In addition, temperature decreased 3 ℃ with air supply at location A. With the soft shell as the sealing cloth and the wind velocity of 10 m/s, the particle removal rate can still reach 98% even if the Qs less than 20 L/min. Soft shell cloths can effectively prevent particles from flowing into the breathing zone. In conclusion, applying a higher Qs and using an impermeable neckerchief sealed at the lower edge of the helmet would achieve a higher level of protection. The designed Cool and Clean Air Motorcycle Helmet could decrease particle exposure, improve comfort and reduce the discomfort caused by the accumulation of carbon dioxide for motorcyclists.

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